Our friend Carla in Massachusetts sent this article to us! Thanks, Carla!
(Neither Tom, nor I had a gay uncle, however. That makes us sad! ) :)
Study Shows Gay Guys Make Generous Uncles
By LiveScience.com
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/35347847/ns/health-behavior/#.VSPJa-FrFb1
Maybe everyone could use a gay uncle.
A new study found that homosexual men may be predisposed to nurture
their nieces and nephews as a way of helping to ensure their own genes
get passed down to the next generation.
Research has confirmed that male homosexuality is at least
partly hereditary
– it tends to cluster in families, and identical twin brothers of gay
men are more likely to be gay than fraternal twin brothers, who do not
share identical DNA.
But scientists have been puzzled about how these genes are
perpetuated, since homosexual males are less likely to reproduce than
straight males. Basically, why haven't gay people
gone extinct?
One idea is called the "kin selection hypothesis." Perhaps gay men
are biologically predisposed to help raise the offspring of their
siblings and other relatives.
"Maybe what's happening is they're helping their kin reproduce more
by just being altruistic towards kin," said evolutionary psychologist
Paul Vasey of the University of Lethbridge in Canada. "Kin therefore
pass on more of the genes which they would share with their homosexual
relatives."
Vasey and his student Doug VanderLaan tested this hypothesis among a
group of men called fa'afafine on the Pacific island of Samoa.
Fa'afafine are effeminate men who are exclusively attracted to men as
sexual partners, and are generally recognized and tolerated as a distinct gender category — neither male nor female.
The fa'afafine reported being much more willing to pay medical and
school fees for their nieces and nephews, to help them with homework,
babysit, teach them songs and dances. And a follow-up study confirmed
that fa’afafine had indeed spent more money on their young relatives
than straight people.
"I am convinced that the fa'afafine have significantly higher
avuncular tendencies than men and women," Vasey told LiveScience. "And
[the] latest batch of data seems to indicate that this manifests in
[the] real world."
In their most recent study, the researchers tested whether fa'afafine
are simply more altruistic toward everyone, or if their attention is
targeted at their genetic kin. Only the latter would help explain how
homosexual genes are passed down through generations.
"We thought maybe they just like helping kids in general, so we
compared their avuncularity to kin and non-relations, and we found a
significant difference," Vasey said. "They're interested in helping
their nieces and nephews, and not in non-kin children."
This divergence differed from straight men and women, who tended to
show a more equivalent level of altruism to related and non-related
children. This implies that the behavior is an evolutionary adaptation,
the researchers say.
"If fa'afafine have really been selected to be avuncular and this is
an adaptation, then they would not be redirecting resources to non-kin
children," Vasey said.
The researchers published their findings in a February issue of the journal Psychological Science.
The kin selection hypothesis was first proposed in the 1970s, but
previous efforts to test it among gay male populations in Western
societies found no effect. A study in Chicago and another in England
found no difference between gay men and straight people in altruistic
behavior toward family members.
"I thought, 'Well, I'll do the study in Samoa, it's a non-Western
culture and I’ll get the exact same results and it'll be the nail in the
coffin for this theory,'" Vasey recalled. "We analyzed the data and we
found a significant result for avuncularity. I couldn't believe it. I
told them go back and check the data — we must have made a mistake."
But subsequent attempts to reproduce the results confirmed the findings in Samoa.
Vasey said he suspects that the conditions just aren't right in
modern Western societies for this genetic predisposition to express
itself.
One major cultural difference is the individualistic nature of
Western society, compared with the collectivistic culture in Samoa.
"We think we're close to our families, but Samoans are
really close to their families," Vasey said. "People are more geographically connected in Samoa."
Additionally, there is less discrimination against fa'afafine,
compared with the still-widespread homophobia that exists in many
Western societies. Even if many Western gay men wanted to be doting
uncles, their families might not always encourage it.
Vasey said the next step is to test whether this trend exists in other non-Western cultures where males with
same-sex attractions are also accepted as a unique category.
He also said that he doesn't think the kin selection hypothesis
entirely accounts for the endurance of gay genes, but that it likely
plays a role in combination with other biological factors.
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